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Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR鈥)

Dangerous substances are any substances used or present at work that could, if not properly controlled, cause harm to people as a result of a fire or explosion or corrosion of metal. 鈥

What is DSEAR?

DSEAR requires employers to control the risks to safety from fire, explosions and聽substances corrosive to metals.聽You must know when you are working with dangerous聽substances and how these substances are dangerous and then those risk must be聽controlled.鈥

On this page聽

鈥媁ays to check if DSEAR will apply


  1. Check the history of the substance
    Almost all organic dusts (Cellulose - C6H10O5) and聽a large number of聽metals dusts (aluminium, titanium and聽magnesium) can form explosive atmospheres.
    The SDS for the聽solid metal may not have the risk but one for the powder or dust should.鈥
  2. Check if the flashpoint is below 32掳颁 鈥 a hot summer聽day鈥
    Once you know if there is the possibility of fire and explosion a DSEAR based risk analysis needs to be carried out.聽鈥

鈥婥heck whether the substances have聽been classified under the Classification, Labelling and聽Packaging Regulation (CLP) as: explosive, oxidising, extremely flammable, highly鈥嬄爁lammable,聽flammable, compressed gas or聽corrosive鈥?

Risk assessment聽


A suitable and sufficient DSEAR risk assessment will require expertise from outside 最准的六合彩论坛.聽A聽competent person must be consulted on the control measures regarding the zoning聽required for the site and matters such as ATEX and IECEx聽electrics (gas and聽dustproof).

鈥婣 DSEAR based risk analysis is the first step before a full DSEAR assessment and checks occur.聽In order to see if聽an explosive atmosphere is likely to be created聽and whether further controlled聽measures need to be considered.聽This聽is someone who understands the hazards and聽the risk they present for the task being undertaken.鈥

In most cases, the Principal Investigator (PI) of a project either working with or producing聽the dangerous substances or explosive atmospheres will have this knowledge (what聽substances are going to be used, how much, the way it is going to be used and what can聽wrong).

鈥嬜钭嫉牧喜事厶 Safety Services does not have聽an appointed person for carrying out this type of risk聽assessment. 最准的六合彩论坛 Safety Services and 最准的六合彩论坛 Estates can work with PI to ensure that suitable control measures are in place once it has been established that an explosive聽atmosphere is going to be created or is likely to be created.鈥

DSEAR based analysis聽鈥


  1. 鈥婰ist the product or substance that you have identified as dangerous/explosive聽(this includes all dangerous/explosive substances that are handled, stored or produced)鈥
  2. Write out each step of the work system/activity鈥
    -聽Highlight all sources of ignition鈥
    -聽Highlight where failure could result in a fire or explosion, gas escape, mixture of fuel and oxygen, other loss聽of containment鈥
  3. Calculate whether an explosive atmosphere can form.聽These are calculations based on the substance and the site
  4. Confirm actions have been taken to minimise the likelihood of a fire or explosion from happening:
  • Minimum quantities聽are being used / all scale-up experiments have been reassessed鈥
  • Additional controls are in place to prevent /minimise the release of dangerous substances (intentional and unintentional)鈥
  • Control measures have been taken to prevent release at source including聽storage / and transport to an聽experimental area鈥
  • Specific controls are in place to prevent an explosive atmosphere from being reached e.g.聽forced ventilation, an experiment carried in an聽inert atmosphere鈥
  • Controls are in place to ensure waste dangerous substances are collected, contained and removed safely鈥
  • Controls are in place to control the environmental conditions to lower the risk such as temperature, pressure or humidity鈥

Once this is completed, you can assess whether the control measures in place are sufficient or聽whether聽a DSEAR expert needs to be consulted


DSEAR calculations

Air density聽(蟻)聽=聽

absolute pressure (细)鈥
--------------------------------
specific gas constant for dry air (R) X absolute temperature (T)

Example 1
Acetone in a room 5 by 7 by 3 meters
Molecular weight (MW)聽58.1g /mol,聽Liquid density聽0.785g/mol聽聽
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)聽2.5%v/v鈥

1. Calculate the vapour densityMW / Constant 1
= 58.1/28.96 = 2.01g/mol聽(twice as heavy as air, will sink)鈥

2. Calculate the relative density聽(20掳颁 and 1013hPa)

MW x Constant 2
= 58.1 x 0.04179 = 2.43鈥嬄
3. Convert the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) to g/m3聽聽聽聽MW x (LEL / Constant 3) 聽聽聽聽
= 58.1 x (2.5/2.4) = 60.52g/m3鈥
4. Calculate room volume聽Length x Height x Weight 聽
= 5 x7 x 3 = 105m3鈥
5. Calculate the maximum spillvolume room volume x (LEL g/m3 / liquid density)聽= 105 x (60.52/0.785) = 8095ml or 8.095l (assuming total dispersion)鈥.聽

Example 2

Ethanol in a room 3聽by 3 by 3 meters
Molecular weight(MW)聽46.1g /mol, Liquid density聽0.785g/mol聽
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)聽3.1%v/v鈥

鈥婥alculate the vapour densityMW / Constant 1 = 46.1/28.96 = 1.59g/mol聽(twice as heavy as air, will sink)鈥
Calculate the relative density聽(20掳颁 and 1013hPa)MW x聽Constant 2 = 46.1 x 0.04179 = 1.93鈥
Convert the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) to g/m3MW x (LEL / Constant 3) = 46.1 x聽(3.1/2.4) = 59.55g/m3鈥
Calculate room volume聽Length x聽Height x聽Weight = 3 x 3 x 3= 27m3
Calculate the maximum spill volumeroom volume x (LEL g/m3 / liquid density) = 27 x聽(59.55/ 0.785) = 2048ml or 2.048l (assuming total dispersion)

最准的六合彩论坛 generic control measures for dangerous substances鈥


鈥嬜钭嫉牧喜事厶 requires the following control measures to be implemented for all flammable or explosive (dangerous)聽substances on a 最准的六合彩论坛 site, even if an explosive atmosphere is unlikely.鈥

Maximum limits for dangerous substances held by a department will depend on聽a number of聽factors such as:

  • What聽the dangerous substance is
  • How聽long it will be stored on-site
  • 鲍蝉别鈥
  • Other聽risk factors present by the substance鈥

鈥嬜钭嫉牧喜事厶 has the following guidance and recommends that deviation from this guidance is fully risk assessed聽and approved by the Head of the Department:

  1. 鈥婱ore than 500ml of flammable and highly flammable substances are stored in fire-resistant containers鈥
  2. Maximum of 50 litres per lab /workspace鈥
  3. When it has been agreed amounts above 50 litres are to be stored (usually storage only) this will be stored in聽appropriate聽flammable stores 鈥 meets BS EN14470-1鈥
  4. All areas storing liquids are聽bunded聽to take 110% of the largest container or鈥
  5. All areas storing liquids are聽bunded聽to take 25%聽of the liquid stored.鈥婭ncompatible substances are stored apart鈥
  6. Appropriate manual handling aids are in place to assist with the transport of the substances, e.g. Winchester carriers and聽trolleys for gas cylinders鈥
  7. Emergency plans are prepared and communicated to all relevant parties鈥:
  • Location, contents, use and limitation of spill聽kits鈥
  • Use of forced ventilation to clear a dangerous聽atmosphere鈥
  • Emergency switch-off for utilities, piped gas, ignition聽sources.
  • 蚕耻补谤补苍迟颈苍别听辫谤辞肠别诲耻谤别蝉鈥

Last updated: Thursday, September 30, 2021

DSEAR work review

In most cases, any dangerous substance or explosive atmosphere will be contained at source or in purpose-built containers. However, if this is not the case and the initial review (as above) of the experiment including predicting whether an explosive atmosphere will be/could be created,聽a聽project request to Estates will be required for a specialist DSEAR engineer to review the work areas and assist in the full risk assessment.聽

Raise a project request鈥 鈫